References: Discoid Lupus

  1. Udompanich S, Chanprapaph K, Suchonwanit P.  Hair and Scalp Changes in Cutaneous and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.  Am J Clin Dermatol. 2018 Oct;19(5):679-694. 

  2. McDaniel B, Tanner LS.  Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid.  StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2018 Jan 2018 Sep 26. 

  3. Walling HW, Sontheimer RD. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: issues in diagnosis and treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2009;10(6):365-81.

  4. Drenkard C, Parker S, Aspey LD, Gordon C, Helmick CG, Bao G, Lim SS.  Racial Disparities in the Incidence of Primary Chronic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus in the Southeastern United States: The Georgia Lupus Registry.  Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2018 Apr 18. doi: 10.1002/acr.23578 

  5. Ankad BS, Beergouder SL, Moodalgiri VM. Lichen planopilaris versus discoid lupus erythematosus: a trichoscopic perspective.  Int J Trichology. 2013 Oct;5(4):204-7.

  6. Lallas A, Apalla Z, Lefaki I, Sotiriou E, Lazaridou E, Ioannides D, Tiodorovic-Zivkovic D, Sidiropoulos T, Konstantinou D, Di Lernia V, Argenziano G, Zalaudek I.  Dermoscopy of discoid lupus erythematosus.  Br J Dermatol. 2013 Feb;168(2):284-8.

  7. O’Brien JC, Chong BF. Not just skin deep: systemic disease involvement in patients with cutaneous lupus. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2017;18(2):S69–74

  8. Millard LG, Rowell NR. Abnormal laboratory test results and their relationship to prognosis in discoid lupus erythematosus. A long-term follow-up study of 92 patients. Arch Dermatol. 1979;115(9):1055–8. 24.

  9. Gronhagen CM, Fored CM, Granath F, Nyberg F. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus and the association with systemic lupus erythematosus: a population-based cohort of 1088 patients in Sweden. Br J Dermatol. 2011;164(6):1335–41.

  10. Gamble M, Tocci E, Venna S, Reserva J, Radfar A, Dugan EM.  Poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma arising within a lesion of discoid lupus erythematosus in an African-American woman.  JAAD Case Rep. 2015 May 25;1(3):138-40. 

  11. Zaalberg A, Moradi Tuchayi S, Ameri AH, Ngo KH, Cunningham TJ, Eliane JP, Livneh M, Horn TD, Rosman IS, Musiek A, Anadkat MJ, Demehri S.   Chronic Inflammation Promotes Skin Carcinogenesis in Cancer-Prone Discoid Lupus Erythematosus.  J Invest Dermatol. 2018 Jul 17. pii: S0022-202X(18)32328-5. 

  12. Gro¨nhagen CM, Fored CM, Granath F, Nyberg F. Increased risk of cancer among 3663 patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a Swedish nationwide cohort study. Br J Dermatol 2012;166:1053e9.

  13. Garza-Mayers AC, McClurkin M, Smith GP. Review of treatment for discoid lupus erythematosus. Dermatol Ther. 2016;29(4):274–83.

  14. Jessop S, Whitelaw DA, Grainge MJ, Jayasekera P.  Drugs for discoid lupus erythematosus.  Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 May 5;5:CD002954.

  15. Milam EC, Ramachandran S, Franks AG Jr.  Treatment of Scarring Alopecia in Discoid Variant of Chronic Cutaneous Lupus ErythematosusWith Tacrolimus Lotion, 0.3.  JAMA Dermatol. 2015 Oct;151(10):1113-6 

  16. Rerknimitr P, Tekacharin N, Panchaprateep R, Wititsuwannakul J, Tangtanatakul P, Hirankarn N, Asawanonda P.  Pulsed-dye laser as an adjuvant treatment for discoid lupus erythematosus: a randomized, controlled trial.  J Dermatolog Treat. 2018 May 10:1-6.